Dehydration Overview

Dehydration is a condition that denotes a loss of body fluids. It is the result of an imbalance in the amount of water in the body. This shows that more water is moving out than the amount of water being taken in. Dehydration can be mild, moderate, or severe. Although, it is true that anyone can become dehydrated, but infants, adults who are suffering from some kind of disease and people residing in hot climates have a higher probability of getting dehydrated. The loss of fluid is the result of vomiting and diarrhea. It occurs when a person does not eat and drink enough fluids while suffering from any illness or after some kind of physical exertion.

A mild to moderate level of dehydration can further lead to fatigue, muscle weakness, poor concentration levels, frequent headaches, dizziness and, most of all, a fall in the body metabolism. The best way to stay hydrated and to avoid worsening of the situation is by drinking plenty of water. If dehydration gets severe, it can further cause negative changes in the health. The result would be decreased cardiovascular efficiency, renal impairment, and fatigue.

Dehydration is largely caused by losing excessive fluid from the body and insufficient intake of water or fluids to make up for this loss. The loss of fluid may be the result of excessive sweating, or excess urine output. It is not that fluid intake is reduced intentionally. The fact is that it might be the result of a loss of appetite due to illness, nausea or a sore throat. Certain attributes of the body getting dehydrated include sticky mouth, lethargy, low urine output and sunken eyes.

A physical examination is generally undertaken to diagnose this condition. A physical examination revealing signs of significant fall in the blood pressure immediately on standing is an indicator of dehydration. Another factor is poor skin turgor. This means that the skin won’t be as elastic as in a normal state and will also sag back. A rapid heart rate and shock is another indicator of the same. There are certain tests that are generally recommended to detect dehydration. These include testing for blood chemistry, blood urea nitrogen, a complete blood count, creatine and urine specific gravity. Dehydration can also be prevented to a certain extent. It is important to avoid activities in the heat. It is important to make sure adequate fluids to replenish those lost from the body are available every time. Specially, the young and the elderly need extra care.

Medications are available for vomiting and diarrhea. Making alterations in the diet and use of appropriate medications is an effective way to minimize water loss. It is generally recommended to drink clear fluids such as water, clear broths and popsicles to prevent the body from getting dehydrated. A drug named loperamide is considered to control diarrhea and ibuprofen might be prescribed for fever. The condition may get complicated and may end in certain severe problems, such as kidney failure, coma, shock or any heat related illnesses.